Evidence-based Chiropractic II

 Experimental research is done to do which of the following? 

1. prove an hypothesis
2. test an hypothesis
3. disprove a null-hypothesis
4. test a null-hypothesis

You decide to run a chiropractic research project to palpate for the presence or absence of joint fixation in the posterior to anterior direction while contacting L5. This study will collect what kind of data?

1. ordinal
2. nominal
3. interval
4. ratio
5. continuous

A random selection of a sample from a population of interest is considered to be a preferred sampling method because:

1. it decreases the likelihood of selection bias
2. it increases the internal validity of the study
3. it decreases random error
4. none of the above

The variability found in a set of measurements in a group of experimental subjects could represent error:

1. from that due to biological variation
2. from the accuracy or validity of the instrument used to take the measurements
3. from the intra-examiner reliability of the person reading the instrument
4. from all other potential sources of error
5. all of the above

If a doctor takes a radiograph of a dry mounted skeleton, makes a measurement of the radiograph, and then repeats the entire process using the same skeleton, what might cause the radiographic measurement to vary from the first radiograph to the next?

1. inter-examiner reliability
2. biological variability among different skeletons
3. intra-examiner reliability
4. a low level of instrument validity
5. all of the above

Randomly assigning subjects to groups, then manipulating one variable to see its effect on another variable, while controlling for as many other variables as possible. This statement is a definition of which of the following types of research? 

1. basic research

2. applied research

3. experimental research

4. correlational research

5. retrospective research

A randomized clinical trial is an example of what kind of research?

1. descriptive
2. observational
3. experimental
4. quasi-experimental
5. none of the above

When the results of a study require the statistical comparison of means from three or more groups, the preferred test would be:

1. multiple t-tests.
2. Chi-square analysis.
3. Pearson’s correlation comprising the exact number of involved groups.
4. ANOVA.
5. none of the above.

The tools used to track the progress of a patient's health are known as:

1. random records.
2. outcome measures.
3. clinical controls.
4. blind records.
5. none of the above.

 Which of the following examples makes use of a ratio scale?

1. Categories in no fixed order (e.g., presence/absence of subluxation).
2. Categories in fixed sequence (e.g., first, second, third, etc.).
3. Continuous number line with equal intervals between integers (e.g., Centigrade scale).
4. Continuous number line with equal intervals between integers and a “real” (non-arbitrary) zero point (e.g., Kelvin scale).

A false positive is:

1. a person who tests positive, but is in the control group.
2. a person who has a negative test, but who is actually positive.
3. a person who has a positive test, but who is actually negative.
4. a person who tests positive, but is in the treatment group.

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Michael T. Haneline, DC, MPH
Copyright © 2004 [PCC]