Evidence-based Chiropractic II

1.       H₁ refers to

1. the null hypothesis.
2. the alternative hypothesis.
3. the functional hypothesis.
4. the operational hypothesis.
5. the utility hypothesis.

2.       When referring to a set of data, a common measure of spread would be

1. the median.
2. the longitudinal space.
3. the standard deviation.
4. the hypothetical space.
5. the central variance.

3.      What could be considered one of the weaknesses of a retrospective study?

a.   a retrospective study is not a scientific study

b.   a retrospective study cannot prove that something is the cause of something else

c.   a retrospective study is limited to a small number of patients

d.   a retrospective study cannot demonstrate differences between groups

e.   a retrospective study cannot demonstrate an association between two factors

 4.      Which would be a true statement with regard to evidence-based practice?

a.   Only randomized-controlled studies can be used to support a procedure or treatment.

b.   Doctor opinion and patient circumstance are irrelevant.

c.   If there is no literature support for a given procedure then the procedure is ineffective.

d.   A combination of the best available research evidence plus the expertise of the doctor and his/her colleagues must be combined with the individual patient circumstances to arrive at the best approach for that patient.

 5.      "AND" is used in searching databases to

1. manage broader inclusion criteria.
2. "AND" is not used in searching databases.
3. more widely incorporate the search term.
4. expand the search.
5. narrow down the search.

6.       A quantitative systematic review is also known as a(n)

1. analytic review.
2. representative review.
3. narrative review.
4. systematic review. 
5. meta-analysis.

7.       The most commonly used descriptive statistic representing a measure of central tendency is

1. the variance.
2. the median.
3. the mean.
4. the focal point.
5. the mode.

8.       Choose the following answer that best describes the "Case Report" study design.  

1. A specific type of research design that reports on an aspect of the management of one or two patients.
2. A specific type of research design that reports on an aspect of the management of more than three patients.
3. A specific type of research design that reports on an aspect of only the treatment of one or two patients.
4. A specific type of research design that allows for the testing of hypotheses.
5. A specific type of research design that may allow the results to be analyzed using a t-test.

9.      The two major divisions of research designs as provided in the Green text are

1. case studies and group studies.
2. scientific and non-scientific.
3. deductive and inductive.
4. inferential and differential.
5. descriptive and experimental

10.      The research hypothesis is also known as the:

1. null hypothesis.
2. control hypothesis.
3. alternative hypothesis.
4. sample hypothesis.
5. None of the above.

11.   A/B/C design:

1. allows the comparison of two different interventions.
2. is a type of case report design that involves groups of patients.
3. allows the comparison of two different groups.
4. is the simplest time series design.
5. allows the comparison of the methods of two different doctors.

12.   In this type of case report study, a clinical hypothesis is generated by the doctor, tested over time, and documented with valid outcome measures:

1. meta-analysis.
2. time series.
3. cohort.
4. prospective.
5. planned series.

 13.   The Boolean Operators used by PubMed are:

1.  “YES” “OR” and “NOT”
2. “OR” “AND” and “NOT” *
3. “NUL” “AND” and “NIL”
4. “NUL” “MIN” and “MAX”
5. “MAX” “MIN” and “NOT”

14.       _______ describes the strength of the relationship between two variables.

1. F
2. t
3. R²
4. r
5. None of the above.

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Michael T. Haneline, DC, MPH
Copyright © 2004 [PCC]