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Sample Final Questions |
Evidence-based Chiropractic I
Many journals previously accepted abstracts in paragraph form, but most of them now require:
a. an abstract that is made up of a condensed Introduction section.
b. an abstract that consists of the first 200-250 words of the Introduction section.
c. an abstract that summarizes the Introduction and Conclusion sections.
d. a structured abstract.
e. an outlined abstract.
The ____________ section of a scholarly journal article describes the clinical importance of the topic under investigation.
a. Methods
b. Results
c. Introduction
d. Discussion
e. Conclusion
Wide confidence intervals:
a. provide strong evidence of an association between the cause and effect.
b. contribute only somewhat to a study's claim that there was a cause and effect relationship.
c. point to statistically significant results.
d. add precision to the results of a scientific study.
e. may point to a study that was too small to have a reasonable chance of detecting a treatment effect.
The issue of validity in a study refers to:
a. the “fallibility” of the information.
b. the “truthfulness” of the information.
c. the probable power that it will be able to detect a treatment effect.
d. the statistical significance of its results.
e. none of the above.
Well-done case reports may offer more evidence than shoddy clinical trials.
a. True.
b. False.
The “Case Description” section of a case report corresponds to the _____________ section of a standard scholarly journal article.
a. Introduction
b. Design
c. Results
d. Methods
e.
Conclusion
Which of the following is not one of the weaknesses of case studies that were mentioned in class?
a. Challenges accepted models
b. Limited generalizability
c. Observations are usually influenced by unmeasured factors
d. Not able to determine causes
e. All of the above were mentioned in class as weaknesses of case studies.
Patient consent is always needed when their x-rays are published in a case report.
a. True.
b. False.
This publication was started by C.O. Watkins and, although it was short lived, provided a model for scholarly publishing in the chiropractic profession.
a. Journal of the Neuromusculoskeletal System
b. American Chiropractic Journal
c. The Chiropractor
d. National Chiropractic Journal
e. none of the above.
The power of a study refers to:
a. the size of alpha, which is typically 95% or greater.
b. the probability that the treatment effects are false.
c. its likelihood of detecting a treatment effect, if there really is one.
d. the size of its confidence intervals.
e. none of the above.
The anatomy of a scholarly journal article is as follows (in order):
a. Introduction, Abstract, Methods, Results, Discussion.
b. Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion.
c. Abstract, Design, Methods, Results, Discussion.
d. Design, Abstract, Methods, Results, Discussion.
e. none of the above.
A summary that presents key points from each of the main sections of a scholarly journal article is known as the:
a. Discussion.
b. Results.
c. Design.
d. Abstract.
e. none of the above.
The science concerned with the patterns of disease frequency in human populations is _____.
residentology
character theory.
epidemiology.
epistemology.
None of the above.
The primary purpose of research in chiropractic is to _____.
improve the quality of chiropractic patient care.
add to humankinds knowledge base.
increase chiropractic's market share.
recruit new patients.
None of the above.
Hubka, in studying cervical radiculopathy, found that ____.
none of the patients improved
the specific side adjusted DID effect the clinical outcome
the side adjusted did NOT effect the clinical outcome
all of the patients improved
Rupert, in a study of maintenance care for geriatric patients, stated _____.
his own study had many shortcomings
he had been unable to enroll enough patients into the study
many patients had been injured
there was no benefit
If information about a procedure is not in the literature, then _____.
that procedure should not be used
the doctor may use it as he or she thinks fit
logical reasoning is required of the doctor
a careful literature search should be done
Evidence‑based care____
integrates published researched and clinical experience
relies on published studies, not the clinician s own experience
requires adhering without question to clinical guidelines
is
"cookbook" health care
When the Introduction section of a scholarly journal article does not contain a clear statement of the study's purpose,
this represents a flaw:
a. True
b. False
A published study should disclose the details of how the researchers estimated their required sample size.
a. True
b. False
A single research study _________ provides convincing evidence.
a. seldom
b. often
c. typically
d. normally
e. none of the above.
A _____________ is an invaluable tool to use as you review journal articles.
a. data-manager
b. compilation
c. checklist
d. search style
e. all of the above.
The quality of material published in refereed journals is usually considered ________ to trade journals and papers:
a. superior
b. equal
c. substandard
d. identical
e. none of the above.
All of the following were problems with chiropractic statistics in the early years except ___________.
a. measurements were not valid
b. methodology problems
c. studies were not reproducible
d. data were not published in scientific journals
e. none of the above.